May 16

When we reach our 40s, it is not always easy to stay upright. This is because after the age of 25, our balance begins to decline. Falls in the later years often result to wrist and hip fractures, which can have a devastating effect on our lifestyle or even threaten our life.

We juggle many activities, responsibilities, and people in our lives with grace. However, sometimes we can be physically tossed off balance by a wet floor or an uneven pavement. Falls can occur anytime, anyplace, and to anyone while doing everyday activities, such as climbing stairs or getting out of the bathtub.

As we age, our sight, hearing, muscle strength, coordination, and reflexes change, weakening our balance. Additionally, some health conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and circulation problems, affect balance. Even some medications have been known to make people dizzy.

Unfortunately, all of these factors make falls more likely. But then, you do not have to be one of them. You can take simple steps to improve your balance and reduce your risk of falling.

Since balance tends to erode over time, regularly performing balance exercises is one of the best ways to protect against falls that lead to temporary or permanent disability. Balance exercises take only a few minutes and often fit easily into the warm-up portion of a workout. Many strength-training exercises also serve as balance exercises. Balance-enhancing movements may simply be woven into other forms of exercise, such as tai chi, yoga, and pilates.

Balance exercises can help us maintain our balance and confidence at any age. This can also improve our coordination. For older adults, balance exercises can promote independence.

Balance may be improved with exercises that strengthen the ankle, knee, and hip muscles, and with exercises that improve the function of the vestibular system, which regulates a person’s balance.

Nearly any activity that keeps us on our feet, such as walking, can help us maintain good balance. You can also include balance exercises in your daily routine. Try balancing on one foot while waiting in line, or stand up and sit down without using your hands.

For a more targeted approach, try specific balance exercises. If you have severe balance problems or an orthopedic condition, get your doctor’s approval before doing balance exercises.

Once a physical therapist has reviewed a complete medical history and thoroughly examined you, he or she will develop a personalized plan. This may include a walking regimen with balance components such as changes in surfaces/terrains, distance, and elevations. The physical therapist may also teach specific strengthening and balance exercises that can be performed at home.

Exercise A:

* Stand directly behind a table or chair and place your feet slightly apart.

* Lift one leg six inches out to the side.

* Hold this position for 10 seconds.

* Repeat with the opposite leg.

Exercise B:

* Stand directly behind a table or chair and place your feet slightly apart.

* Slowly bend one knee toward your chest lifting your foot six inches off the floor.

* Hold this position for 10 seconds.

* Repeat with the opposite leg.

Exercise C:

* Stand directly behind a table or chair and place your feet slightly apart.

* Lift one leg straight back, keeping your knee straight.

* Hold this position for 10 seconds.

* Repeat with the opposite leg.

The above exercises should be performed two to three times a day.

Balance Exercise Safety Guidelines:

* Be aware of your posture. Try to maintain your weight over your ankles.

* Avoid fast movements including quick turns or changes in position.

* Use a chair as a place to not only perform seated exercise but also to hold on to while standing.

* Always get up slowly when rising from a chair.

* Don’t close your eyes when exercising or standing from your chair.

* If you are taking medications, ask your doctor if there are any side effects which may cause light-headedness or decreased balance.

May 10

Risk assessment provides a useful framework when tackling accidents caused by falls, slips, and trips. Here is a five-step approach for this:

1. Look out for anything that may cause an accident. It could be objects lying around the floor like toys or rubbish; a wet floor; or basically, the proverbial banana peel that can cause people to slip.

2. Identify and decide who is at risk. It could be young children, the handicapped, or the elderly.

3. Take preventive measures, like doing repairs or renovations, making sure the area is regularly cleaned and cleared of any obstruction.

4. Keep a record of what you have changed. Now this one is a bit of a stretch to expect at home, but for commercial establishments and public places, it is certainly necessary.

5. Continually monitor your living space or work area. This is more of a continuation of the first 4 steps. It would not be effective if you just stop at recording and do not follow through, so there has to be constant monitoring.

Now here are more practical tips to prevent the incidence of falls:

- Keep pathways clear. Arrange your furniture in a way that it allows easy movement, and not serve as an obstruction. Clean pathways and remove any unnecessary clutter, like boxes, loose wires, and telephone cords, from high-traffic areas. Make pathways that are wide enough for plenty of people to use to avoid possible collision.

- Provide ample light. Make sure areas like hallways and stairways are well lit. Have flashlights and rechargeable emergency lights handy in case of power outages.

- Safeguard stairways. Keep stairways in good repair. Make sure all stairways have sturdy railings and that steps have a non-skid surface.

- Secure rugs and flooring. Secure loose rugs and carpets with tacks or a slip-resistant backing. Repair frayed carpet and loose floorboards. Avoid small throw rugs as much as possible.

- Keep your bathroom safe. Install grab bars in your shower or bath and near your toilet. Use non-skid mats in the shower or bath.

- Keep necessities handy. Store supplies, clothing, dishes, food, and other everyday items within easy reach.

You can improve your general well-being, and help reduce the risk of trips and falls by keeping yourself active and healthy. A good way to make your muscles stronger and to improve your balance is to have a regular exercise and a proper diet. You do not have to go to the gym to remain active. Simple tasks, like gardening, regular house work, and walking can boost energy levels and improve coordination and balance.

Exercise is very important for older people since they are more prone to falling.

For all your mobility equipment needs, check out DoAbility UK today.

May 2
Preventing Falls
icon1 Cheryl Weisz | icon2 Disability Prevention | icon4 05 2nd, 2011| icon3No Comments »

I am no stranger to minor accidents at home and outside. Slips, trips, and falls happen to a lot of people of all ages, from all places, and in all walks of life. These would sometimes lead to injuries which would require hospitalization, or at least a visit to the nearest doctor.

What a lot of us do not realize is that these falls happen to patients in the hospitals and medical facilities, too. There is nothing worse than injuring a person who is already sick, and the cause of such injury is the person who is supposed to be taking care of the patient, like the doctor or nurse. It is like adding injury to an existing injury.

Patient safety has been constantly one of the most pressing challenges in the health care industry, and a significant part of patient injuries come from falls while confined in the hospitals and nursing homes. Reducing harm from falls is becoming one of the top priorities of hospitals and health care organizations around the world. Patients, regardless of age, fall. While certain risk factors are common in younger people, falls are most likely to occur in older patients and they are much more likely to experience serious injuries.

A significant number of falls result in injury, or even death, costing millions per annum for immediate health care treatment alone, not to mention the additional costs of rehabilitation and social care. In addition to these financial costs, there are additional costs that are more difficult to quantify. It not only includes the obvious distress, pain, injury, but also loss of confidence and independence to the patient.

There are lots of researches and reports around the internet on patient safety, specifically on how to reduce harm from falls, but it seems that there is not one single guide for all. What is apparent is that non-profit organizations from countries like the UK, Sweden, Australia, Canada and the USA are at the forefront when it comes to these initiatives with The Institute for Healthcare Improvement IHI in Cambridge, Massachusetts providing the main thrust. In the UK, there is Patient Safety First Campaign sponsored by the National Patient Safety Agency, the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement and The Health Foundation. In Australia, there is the Australian Patient Safety Foundation. While in Canada, there is the Canadian Patient Safety Institute.

The approaches are varied, localized, and sometimes isolated depending on the case. But what is common is the need to recognize these harms, identify patients prone to falls, record, monitor, and measure these incidents to be able to come up with actionable plans. These are for more organizational solutions though. Ultimately, it all boils down to the care and dedication given by our doctors, nurses, and caregivers that would spell a big difference.

Accidents do happen but a lot of them can also be avoided with the right actions and presence of mind. For those that cannot be avoided totally, there are ways to reduce the harms and risks brought about by these accidents. While this is easier said than done, it is doable with a little effort and good luck.

Jul 6

These statistics are appalling. Only three out 10 adults are active enough to stay healthy and fit. Almost four out of 10 admit they are not active at all, despite reams of research proving that exercise is a powerful defense, and sometimes an antidote, for disability and illness.

Regular physical activity makes an enormous difference to the quality and length of your life, a fact underscored by hundreds of concrete studies. Briefly, exercise does the following:

1. It lessens the likelihood of getting heart disease. Exercising regularly may increase the number of blood vessels feeding the heart, help prevent plaque buildup by striking a healthier balance of blood lipids, and help arteries retain resilience despite the effects of aging. Even if you already have heart disease, exercise lowers your chances of dying from it.

2. It lowers blood pressure, a benefit for many body systems. Long-term high blood pressure doubles or triples the odds of developing heart failure and helps pave the path to other kinds of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, and kidney disease or failure.

3. It helps prevent diabetes by getting rid of excess weight, modestly lowering blood sugar levels, and boosting sensitivity to insulin so that your body needs less of it. If you have diabetes, exercise helps control blood sugar.

4. It reduces the risk for developing cancers of the colon, breast, uterus, and prostate. By helping you attain a healthy weight, exercise also lessens your risk for other cancers in which obesity is a factor.

5. It helps support bones, which reach peak density and strength during the first three decades of life. Over time, bones become lacier and weaker as density slips away. When combined with calcium, vitamin D, and bone-saving medications if necessary, weight-bearing exercises such as walking, running, and strength training helps ward off bone loss. Balance-enhancing activities, like tai chi and yoga, help prevent falls that may end in fractures.

6. It helps protect joints by easing swelling, pain, and fatigue, and by keeping the cartilage healthy. Strong muscles support joints and lighten the load upon them. Activities that boost flexibility, including stretching, yoga, and tai chi, extend range of motion.

7. It may limit and even reverse knee problems by helping you control your weight, which is a big deal because for every step taken, each additional pound of body weight translates to four additional pounds of load on the knee.

8. It lifts spirits by releasing mood-elevating hormones, relieving stress, and promoting a sense of well-being. It also helps ease mild to moderate depression as effectively as medications. Combining exercise with medications, therapy, and social engagement is even better.

9. It may boost your ability to ward off infection since it prompts a modest, short-term upswing in natural killer cells and white blood cells, which help kill infection.

10. It adds years to your life. Studies show that moderate activity can add 1.3 years of life to men and 1.5 years of life to women. Raising the bar to high activity added 3.7 years for men and 3.5 years for women. Even current couch potatoes cannot wiggle out of this. A separate long-term study of 10,000 men ages 20 to 82, who were examined and given two fitness tests at five-year intervals, found those who made the attempt to shift status from unfit to fit cut their likelihood of dying by 44% compared with those who stayed inactive.

May 30

We get our supply of vitamin D in two ways: from the food we eat and from a hormone our bodies make when we stay under the sun. There are only a few food options that are naturally rich in vitamin D, that is why the biggest dietary sources of vitamin D are fortified food and vitamin supplements.

Good sources of vitamin D include dairy products and breakfast cereals, both of which are fortified with vitamin D, as well as fatty fish like salmon and tuna.

For most people, the best way to get enough vitamin D is by taking a supplement, although the level in most multivitamins, which is usually 400 IU, is too low.

Fortunately, some manufacturers have begun adding 800 or 1,000 IU of vitamin D to their standard multivitamin preparations. If the multivitamin you take does not have 1,000 IU of vitamin D, you may want to consider adding a separate vitamin D supplement, especially if you do not spend much time in the sun.

The body also manufactures vitamin D from cholesterol, through a process triggered by the action of sunlight on the skin. This is actually the reason why vitamin D is also referred to as the ’sunshine vitamin’.

Yet, some people do not make enough vitamin D from the sun. These people are those who have a darker skin tone, who are overweight, who are older, and who cover up when they are under the sun.

Correctly applied sunscreen reduces our ability to absorb vitamin D by more than 90 percent. And not all sunlight is created equal: The sun’s ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, the so-called ‘tanning rays’, and the rays that trigger the skin to produce vitamin D are stronger near the equator and weaker at higher latitudes. Hence, in the fall and winter seasons, people who live at higher latitudes, such as in the northern part of the U.S. and Europe, cannot make much vitamin D from the sun.

Many of the body’s organs and tissues have receptors for vitamin D, which helps ensure that the body absorbs and retains calcium and phosphorus that are critical for building bones. Vitamin D also reduces cancer cell growth and plays a critical role in controlling infections. Several promising areas of vitamin D research look far beyond its role in building bones.

Several studies link low vitamin D levels with an increased risk of fractures in older adults, and they suggest that vitamin D supplementation may prevent such fractures, as long as it is taken in a high enough dose.

The latest evidence comes from a combined analysis of several fracture prevention trials that included thousands of elderly people, most of which are women. It was found out that taking at least 800 IU of vitamin D supplements per day reduces hip and non-spine fractures by 20 percent.

Vitamin D may also help increase muscle strength, which in turn helps in preventing falls, a common problem that leads to substantial disability and death in older people. Taking 700 to 1,000 IU of vitamin D per day lowers the risk of falls by 19 percent, but taking only 200 to 600 IU per day did not offer any such protection.

Nonetheless, if you have been neglecting your vitamin D requirements and had a bit of a fall, you may visit DoAbility for all your mobility equipment needs.